What Is The Alternative Lengthening Of Telomeres - 900 Words

DNA replication results in the gradual shortening of telomeres over time, leading to the activation of senescence or apoptosis. Therefore, telomere length is a key biological signal to limit the indefinite proliferation of somatic cells (Roumelioti, et al., 2016). However, cancer cells can overcome telomere shortening by synthesising a new telomeric DNA from an RNA template through the expression of telomerase (Roumelioti, et al., 2016). Alternatively, 10-15% of human cancers utilise a DNA template in a homology-directed synthesis mechanism called alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) (Cesare Reddel, 2010). However, the process by which DNA damage such as telomeric shortening results in the execution of homology-directed synthesis,†¦show more content†¦However, ATR, Rad51 and Hop2 were not required for break-induced telomere synthesis in ALT cells and in fact, knockdown of each gene increased the levels of nascent telomeres. To further support their findings, Dilley an d colleagues studied VA13 HOP2 CRISPR clones lacking Hop2 protein expression and found that no telomere shortening took place. From these findings, the authors could therefore propose that break-induced telomere synthesis and ALT telomere maintenance can occur independently of Rad51-Hop2 and ATR. Dilley and co-workers subsequently determined that the replicative DNA polymerase Pol , including POLD3, POLD4 and POLD1 subunits, were instead required for break-induced telomere synthesis. Whereas Pol , Pol -primase and MCM2-7 replicative helicase were found to be nonessential and were recruited at far lower levels. The POLD3 subunit is also part of the Pol ÃŽ ¶ complex involved in translesion synthesis. However, the REV3L catalytic subunit of Pol ÃŽ ¶ was not required for break-induced telomere synthesis, suggesting POLD3 primarily acts through Pol . This major role of POLD3 has been supported in studies that revealed POLD3 depletion resulted in decreased frequency of replicated ALT telomeres (Roumelioti, et al., 2016). Overall, the results by Dilley et al led to the suggestion that an alternative replisome is required for ALT telomere synthesis. Having proven that Pol is dominantly recruited to TRF1-FokI damage sites, Dilley et al set outShow MoreRelatedScientific Literature Focused On Chromosomal Dna And Dna, Blood Leukocytes, Sputum, And Buccal Cells2398 Words   |  10 PagesChromosomal Telomere Length (TL) In Blood Leukocytes, Sputum, and Buccal Cells as It Relates to Cancer Occurrences by: Andy Barajas Bio 490, Fall 2014 Department of Biological Sciences California State Polytechnic University, Pomona Abstract This is a conglomeration of scientific literature as it relates telomere length in blood cells to the occurrence of cancer. Telomeres are composed of repeating TTAGGG nucleotides and they are found at the ends of chromosomes. These chromosomal caps are what protect

Synthesis Essay Joseph Vincent Paterno - 1407 Words

Synthesis Essay – Joseph Vincent Paterno MSgt Allen W. Hewitt Air Force Senior Noncommissioned Officer Academy September 10, 2014 Instructor: MSgt Travis Pyle Joe Paterno Picture this, walking down a tunnel into a stadium with 106,000 fans screaming we are PENN STATE! Joe Paterno lived this every Saturday for 46 years. Joseph Vincent Paterno was born 21 December 1926 in Brooklyn, NY. He attended Brown University where he majored in law, while playing football as a quarterback and cornerback. Upon graduation he was on course to become the lawyer that he father wanted, but Penn State University came calling with a coaching offer. They saw the leadership qualities of a visionary and because of†¦show more content†¦Let me now call an audible to the visionary leadership of the man they called â€Å"Joepa†. Visionary Leader Joes vision was to build a powerhouse university program. He took over a not so great football program, but as a visionary his role was to be innovative in educating, mentoring, and guiding young adults who are searching for meaning and purpose. He started with turning the student athlete graduation rate around, using individual consideration, where leaders treat others as individuals with different needs, abilities, and aspirations in just 5 years he took the rate up 10 percent and maintained a 80 percent graduation rate throughout his tenure crushing the NCAA standard of 67 percent. Next was creating an organized group to work together, a team. He took the names off the back of the jerseys and left the helmets plain white promoting the team aspect, teambuilding not me building. Now to build a fan base, he developed and articulated visions from the future. He looked out the window and saw a stadium that barely held 30,000 people in 1968. Joe held a 75 percent winning percentage over 46 years, 37 bowl appearances, and 2 national championships. His inspirational motivation created the second largest college stadium seating 106,157 fans. He spoke at multiple clinics, banquets, and charities extending his knowledge to diverse groups. In 2000 Adam Taliaferro was paralyzed on the first play of

Blue Nile free essay sample

The spreadsheet I did presents a summary of Blue Nile financial results from 2005 to 2009. From 2005 to 2007 revenues and net income both increased. The deep recession which began in late 2007 seriously affected the revenue in 2008. And then in 2009 the revenue recovered and increased slightly. I am going to analysis the financial performance in three parts. First, profitability ratios. Blue Nile had steady return on asset ratios around . 1. The company utilized its assets very efficiently and outperformed their competitors. By doing research on Yahoo Finance, we know the industry return on equity is 0. 18. Blue Nile’s return on equity ratio was much higher. It created better return to investors. Net profit margins were mostly lower than the industry average level. For example in 2009, Blue Nile only had net income of 4 cents for each dollar sale. Its low margins can be explained by its low pricing of products. As Rita said, Blue Nile had a much lower markup than Tiffany. We will write a custom essay sample on Blue Nile or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Blue Nile’s number for liquidity ratios are impressive. Such high ratios from 2005 through 2009 show the company’s great ability to pay short-term debt. One of the company’s strategies is that suppliers finance Blue Nile’s sales growth. ( ) The business model contributed to higher sales volumes with minimal additional capital investment. With respect to leverage ratios, Blue Nile had really low long-term debt to equity ratios compared to the industry. Tiffany’s long-term debt to equity was as high as . 39. Because Blue Nile offered a balance between the debt to equity range and firm’s cost of capital, its capital structure was optimal. The company had low capital investment financed by creditors and bondholders. Its debt to assets ratios are over . 5, which means it, had a lot of debt obligations. However, most of the company’s debt was current and it was able to pay off creditors in a timely manner. Creditors did not need to worry about getting paid. Blue Nile’s strong financial performance intuitively indicated the company’s strategies were pretty well-conceived and well-executed.

Tess of the DUrbervilles free essay sample

Tess of the DUrbervillescharacter Response Paper In literature, vampires are everywhere. No, Im not talking about the recent fad prompted by Stephenie Meyer. There is always a character that preys on another, kind of like Meyers sparkling creations or Count Chocula. Thomas Foster, author of How to Read Literature Like a Professor, goes to say that literary vampirism is inextricably linked to sex. The men of Tess of the DUrbervilles can almost all be seen as vampires(in one sense or another), but the fullest embodiment of this role is Alec DUrberville. Everything about Alec portrays him as a vampire. His dark hair and fair skin; his constant showing up unexpectedly; his obsession with Tess; he is definitely akin to Dracula. Aside from the most obvious way that he preys on Tess, by raping her, he does so emotionally. Even though Alec vanishes after that fateful night in the woods, Tess is left with his baby. We will write a custom essay sample on Tess of the DUrbervilles or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When Sorrow dies, sorrow is not gone. Tess is left with nothing, a grave reminder of the life that Alec stole from her. When Angel runs off to Brazil, and Tess is again in Alecs arms, he still preys on her emotions by making her believe that Clare will never return. When Tess kills Alec, she does it appropriately for any vampire: a steak(knife) through the heart. Although Alec is a perfect example of a literary vampire, he is not the only in the novel. Angel is very easily classified as a predator, as he he makes Alecs indiscretion Tesss fault, even though he consented with London prostitute. Tess is left with yet another broken heart because of a mans actions. Jack Durbeyfield is also a nocturnal blood-sucker. When Tess killed the familys only horse, he seemed all too willing to give up his daughter for the promise of not ever working again.

Where In The World Is CoSchedule Its Kind Of A BIG Deal... #OverheardAtCoSchedule - CoSchedule Blog

Where In The World Is Its Kind Of A BIG Deal... Blog When Kathryn and Nathan  host webinars, they usually kick things off by asking you gals and guys: Where are you from? Whats the weather like there? That probably has a lot to do with the kinds of conversations they have at the office, with their friends, and when they chat with family. Because  talking about the weather is pretty typical around here. And when  Kathryn and Nathan share  where the two offices are located, a lot of you are really surprised. So we want  to share the story with you about where we are why we LOVE it here and how its been a massive strategic advantage for (and therefore, a big win for our customers, too). Where in the world IS ? Its probably not  where  youd expectIn this video, Im chatting with Shannon Wiedman, s UI/UX Design Lead. Shannon grew up + loves it here, and she has some BIG things to share with you about  s home state. Youll also learn to start where you are with your business dreams (and how that can help YOU succeed, too). Subscribe to receive videos in your inbox: //

Solutions)

How to Read Our Teaching Explanations (Answers / Solutions) SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips At PrepScholar, we call our answers / solution manuals â€Å"Teaching Explanations†, because we believe answers should be geared to teaching you how totackle the question. This is why we answer your questions in up tofour different ways.Let's go overthe different types and what they mean. Short Answer: This is the short and technically correct answer you’ll sometimes see in official solution manuals. It’s correct, but often can leave you without knowing where to start. Also, it makes for a poor problem set / homework answer. If I were a math professor, this is what I would put to show another math professor I know my materials. Homework Answer: As a professor, this is the answer that I’d expect on my students’ problem sets and homework in order to get an A. You not only have to get the answer, but also â€Å"show your work†. What I’m looking for is that you know the right way to get the answer. While homework answers will get you an A, it might not be the best for actually understanding the question, and to make sure you get an A on the final exam. The problem with homework-quality answers is that it proves to someone who is more knowledgable that you that you know your materials. It doesn’t provide the motivation for how to get to the answer! Motivated Answer: This is the best place to start to truly understand the solution. It’s a â€Å"authentic mental walkthrough† of all the steps that a new student learning the material for the first time should be sequentially thinking about. It teaches you how to think so that not only do you solve this problem, but you also learn to solve other similar questions. Video: This is a video of an impromptu explanation. It’s meant to mimic the motivated answer, and sometimes can fit into homework answer category. Videos will often contain extra details that can help you, so if the motivated answer doesn’t do it for you, watch the video too!

Gender Sexuality and Nationalism in the Early 20th Century in China Essay

Gender Sexuality and Nationalism in the Early 20th Century in China - Essay Example However, with the changes that were facing the country in the early 20th century, the aspects that were previously restricted increased in the number of cases and more people began engaging in different acts. One of the cases that had increased was prostitution that was more acceptable as with the fast growing population and city life people stated in engaging in the acts and although the men were also affected, the women were the most highly affected (Liu, et al 90). There was more premarital sexual behavior since the people that had moved to the urban areas did not believe in sticking to the same rules that restricted them before. There was also a change in nationalism as the state stopped being involved in every aspect of its people’s lives and due to the changes in the global setting, there were other problems that had hit the country. The state stopped looking at the state of affairs of marriages by individuals and as a result, there was increased freedom among the people . The state would however still involve itself in the problems facing the marriage if there was any violence or if the issue was brought to the attention of the state. The state and the people had started changing their previous beliefs and they were slowly integrating the modernity model into their lives that brought with it other sexual behaviors. Masculinity and femininity are also important aspects that were slowly changing in China as the old and patriarchal systems were changing although at a slow rate.

Argumentative paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Argumentative - Research Paper Example Carefully chosen elements not only help the author create the ambiance needed to pacify the audience, but are also necessary for giving the events and happenings that form part of the story, the meaning that is consistent with the theme of the novel. Every description of the winter season in Narnia has a special purpose of giving meaning to the scenes of the story in addition to the ordinary purpose of telling which weather the various incidents in the story happened in. The eternal winter season which the Witch uses to blanket Narnia is the symbol of a time that is dead and stagnant and has lost the ability to move on. Nothing in the world of Narnia grows while the season remains. Animals sleep through winter. People duck around fires instead of moving out of their homes. There is no element of joy whatsoever in the world that is under the influence of the magic cast by the Witch. Almost every human being who lives in the world of Narnia cultivates a primitive abhorrence for the win ter season even in moths when it is normal for winter to be. Through this, the author has tried to make the audience realize that although winter seems the most pleasant and beautiful of all the seasons of a year particularly when it is accompanied with snowfall, yet if this season ever attained eternity, it would become intolerable for all mankind.

Management styles and strategies in small firm Essay Example for Free

Management styles and strategies in small firm Essay Management literature provides us a number of management styles practiced by managers and leaders across the globe through the years. A manager’s style is largely determined by many factors in the organization including the structure and the size of resources available as well as the managerial capacity of the owner. The mode of operations and styles in small firms are determined by the transactional nature of the firm as well as the nature and capacity of the manager-cum-owner. Authoritarian Management Style. Some managers of small firms practice the authoritarian management style. With the inherent characteristics of being small, managers of small firms take absolute control of a workplace situation, without reference to the views and inputs of the employees. According to Davidmann, in authoritarian organizations it is orders which are passed down from above and the managers role is to pass orders down the chain of command. In small firms, owner-cum-managers are the only ones who decide on innovations and changes in the business operations. Innovation in small firms is usually linked up with the entrepreneurial skill of the owner-cum manager. To Meulenberg Verhees (2004), â€Å"in a small firm, innovativeness implies a wiliness of the owner to learn about and to adopt innovations, both in the input and output markets. High innovations of small firm do not mean that the owner is innovative in all domains†. Workers in small businesses can also contribute to the innovative process of the firm but only through the direction of the organization’s leaders. It is still the owner-cum-manager’s decision that is implemented in the end. As Slatter (1992:159), puts it, â€Å"strong leadership provides a key role in overcoming the confusion that usually accompanies growth and is necessary to build and maintain the cohesiveness of the organization†. Participative Management Style Participative management style is also practiced by managers of small businesses. The main goal of participative management is to enhance the quality of the employees’ working life and the management must be responsive to the requests of the employees (Lewis Renn, 1992). This style allows information sharing and involvement of employees in the decision making. Participative management is a process whereby the employees are involved in the decision-making of the organization through formal and informal means (Chan). As a small firm with small organizational structure, there is the need to focus on people issues, and trust-based relations; such a perspective neglects the probability of conflict, even in ostensibly high trust work settings (Collins Ram, 2003). In small firms, employees are encouraged to be involved in decision making. Managers share information directly to the employees and ask inputs before making decisions about policies and processes. This type of management styles promotes and boosts the morale of employees and prevents low productivity. According to Davidmann, smaller company is more effective when compared with larger company both in terms of both employee utilisation (turnover per employee) and capital utilisation (turnover per unit of issued share capital). The adherence to informal structure and system in small firm operation is another noticeable fact that has affected how managerial pattern is determined. According to Blackburn (2003:12), â€Å"the relatively low use of the formal systems by small firms may also mean that a reliance on patent counts etc. is an inaccurate measurement of innovative or research activity. Hence, there is a need to ‘unpack’ the approaches to innovative and intellectual property management by owner-mangers†. In the same parlance, Moore (1996), cited in Blackburn (2003), opined that SMEs rely on more informal methods to protect their intellectual property, such as maintaining a lead time advantage over competitors in bringing new products to market. Also, this can come through the development of high-trust. Adaptive Management Style Ken Blanchard and Paul Hershey, renowned management gurus, created a management style that analyzes the needs of the situation a manager or a leader is dealing with, and then adopts the most appropriate style. This is ideal for small businesses since management styles are considered to be difficult due to the flexible nature of small businesses. In this view, Slatter (1992:159) puts it that â€Å"managing fast growth in entrepreneurial firms is one of the most difficult challenges that exist†. â€Å"Owners often struggle to balance the flexibility required to keep pace with customer demands, with a sense of continuity and security. Hence, management essentially comprises a careful balancing act between strong leadership and decentralized task-oriented management; entrepreneurial and professional management; and processes involving organizational cohesion and those promoting individual responsibilities† (Collins Ram, 2003). The availability of strong leadership in small firms provides a key role in overcoming the confusion that usually accompanies growth and is necessary to build and maintain the cohesiveness of the organization. Thus, â€Å"achieving the balancing act between stability and flexibility is difficult, but potentially attainable through such means and a strong but democratic leadership style† (Slatter 1992:126). Small firms have been observed to be adapting operational plan rather than strategic plan. While strategic plan is conceived as â€Å"a written long – range plan, which includes both a corporate mission statement and a statement of organizational objectives†¦operational planning , on the other hand, is defined as the setting of short term objectives for specific functional areas such as finance, marketing, and personnel† (Shrader et al, 1989). The limited resources available to small firms have resulted in their continual practice of operational plans. â€Å"Strategic planning has not commonly been practiced by smaller firms because they do not have the staff or the time to engage in strategic planning. Rather, the top manager in a small firm must be concerned more with operational, day-to-day, functional area problems† (ibid). Robinson, Logan, and Shalem, cited in Shrader et al, (1989), found that strategic planning was not related to improved financial performance of small firms, but that operational planning was positively related to performance. It is argued that small businesses do not benefit from strategic plans primarily because they do not take time or effort to formulate them. Robinson concluded that small businesses which hired outside help in strategic planning performed better than those that did not plan (ibid). Operational planning allows more flexibility on the part of the owner-cum-managers of small firms. This type of planning allows them to be more adaptive in their management style depending on the need of the situation. Most research works and write ups have been about the management of human resources in large organizations. However in recent times, the focus has shifted to HRM in small firms. Major concerns and predictions for the failures of small businesses relate to financial issues. But in the argument of Marlow Patton (1993), the effective management of employees is also emerging as a key variable in the survival of small firms. The limited size of many small firms justifies the absence of full-time HR professionals in their organizations. The complex and time consuming nature of many HR activities can result in a significant drain on existing managerial resources. Small firms also face the problems and challenges of lacking high skilled HR. â€Å"Attractive and retention is clearly linked to the ability to offer a competitive benefits package† (Williams Dreher 1992, cited in Klaas et al, 2000). There is a need for a well-skilled and well-motivated workforce for small firms in order for them to compete effectively in the global marketplace. â€Å"There is growing empirical evidence linking HRM activities and organizational performance† (Holt 1993, cited in Wager 1998). As Odaka Sawai (1999), puts it, â€Å"small business has sometimes been criticized for its economic ‘vices’: retrace competition, the exploitation of employees through low wages, poor working conditions, paternalistic labor relations, and so on. In so far as small firms are characterized by the relatively labor-intensive choice of technology, they contributed to society by enhancing the employment capabilities of the latter†. Lack of technological processes of small firms also constitutes as basis of inefficient HR relationships. Collins Ram (2003) identified four types of employment relations in small firms: â€Å"a ‘factory’ model, which emphasized pecuniary attachment and managerial control: a ‘commitment model based upon peer and ‘cultural’ control: a professional model that stressed attachment to work; and an ‘engineering’ that exhibited a more instrumental approach to work relations’. The concept of informality is invoked to describe social relations at work. But the substance of informality needs to be investigated, together with the shaping power of the context in which the small firm is operating. The ranking of importance of HRM activities differs between small and large scale businesses. According to Ng and Maki (1993), quoted in Wager (19980, â€Å" for smaller firms, the three most important activities were the ‘retaining function’ (which included administering personnel records, payroll processing, health and safety compliance, public relations, and vacation processing), ‘obtaining function’ (which involve pre-employment testing, recruiting, and hiring), and the ‘identifying function’ (which included human resource planning and job evaluation). On the other hand for larger firms, the most important activity was the ‘adjustment function’ (which addresses promotion, transfer, and separation, union-management relations, employee assistance plan administration, and disciplinary issues, followed by the ‘identifying function’, and the developing function’ (which included skill training, orientation, and career development). CONCLUSION So going back to the question Is small beautiful? , my discussion in this paper would say yes. Small is beautiful indeed. Although many literature and management experts would disagree with this conclusion, this paper concludes that small is beautiful. Nooteboom (1994) and Rothwell and Dodgson (1994) as cited by Voosen, find that the relative strengths of large firms are predominantly material. According to Voosen, it is not always easy to separate the effects of market power and firm size, as these two are obviously correlated. But despite the obvious advantage of large organizations over small firms, this paper concludes that small is beautiful. There is beauty in managing small businesses. The beauty of small firms lies in its inherent characteristic of being small. Small allows flexibility, creativity, innovativeness, responsiveness, and efficiency in decision making. Nooteboom (1994) and Rothwell and Dodgson (1994), as cited by Voosen, concluded that in general, the relative strengths of small firms lie in its behavioral characteristics. This definitely reinforces the saying that bigger isn’t really better! REFERENCES Anglund, Sandra M. (2000), Small Business Policy and the American Creed. Westport CT: Praeger. Bannock, Graham (2005), The Economics and management of Small Business: An International perspective. New York: Routledge. Blackburn, Robert A. (2003), Intellectual Property and Innovation management in Small Firms. London: Routledge Blackburn, R. Hart, M. (2001), â€Å"Perception or reality? The effects of Employment Rights on Small Firms† Paper at the 3rd SBS- Kingston university seminar series, Sheffield 6 November. http://business. kingston. ac. uk/research/kbssbs/percrel. pdf (06/03/06) Bolton, J. (1971) Small Firms Report of the Committee of Inquiry on Small Firms. London. Chan, Alvin. Organizational Survival: Adapt to Succeed! http://www. zeromillion. com/business/adapt. html Collins, L. 7 ram M. (2003), â€Å"Managing the Entrepreneurial Firm† Stream 9: Critical Realist Perspectives on Entrepreneurial Organizations and Discourses. June http://www. mngt. waikato. ac. nz/ejrot/cmsconference/2003/proceedings/criticalrealist/collins. pdf (06/03/06) Fletcher, Denise E. (2002), Understanding the Small Family Business. London: Routledge. Klaas, Brian S. et al (2000), â€Å"Managing HR in the small and Medium Enterprise: The Impact of Professional Employer Organizations† in Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice Vol. 25, No. 1. Lewis, Jerre and Renn, Leslie (1992), â€Å"How to Start a Participative Management Program: 10 Easy Steps†. Lewis Renn Associates, 1992. Marlow, S. and Patton D. (1993), â€Å"Research Note-Managing the Employment Relationship in the Smaller Firm: Possibilities for Human Resource Management†, International Small Business Journal, 11 (4) 57-64. Meulenberg M. T. G. Verhees F. J. H. M. (2004), â€Å"Market Orientation, Innovativeness product Innovation, and Performance in Small Firms† in Journal of Small Business Management. Vol. 42, No. 2. Odaka, K. Sawai, M. (1999), Small Firms, Large Concerns: The Development of Small Business in Comparative Perspectives. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Shrader, C. B. et al (1989), â€Å"Strategic and Operational Planning, Uncertainty and Performance in Small Firms† in Journal of Small Business Management. Vol. 27, No 4 Slatter, S. (1992), Gambling on Growth: How to Manage the Small High-tech Firm, John Wiley Sons. Vosen, Robert. â€Å"Combining Large and Small Firm Advantages in Innovation: Theory and Examples. www. ub. rug. nl/eldoc/som/b/98B21/98b21. pdf Wager, Terry H. (1998), â€Å"Determinants of Human Resource Management Practices in Small Firms: Some Evidence from Atlantic Canada† in Journal of Small Business Management. Vol. 36, No. 2.

lord of he flies :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Over a month ago a tragic incident occurred that tested the unity of this country. Terrorist attacks tested the will power and the strength of all. On September 11th the Osama Bin Ladens of the world committed an evil act that attempted to destroy all. Americans were disturbed mostly because the people who committed these acts are human like the rest of us, meaning basically everyone is capable of causing such a disturbance. William Golding came to the same conclusion in his book Lord of the Flies. Throughout his novel, Lord of the Flies, Golding illustrates mans inhumanity to man.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Using conflict between characters, Golding shows how easy it can be for innocents to become evil. First of all, Roger throws stones at Henry. Henry plays on the beach quietly, and Roger hides behind the trees and chooses stones to throw at Henry. Henry never does anything to deserve it, but Roger throws them anyway. Golding writes, â€Å"This side and that the stones fell, and Henry turned obediently but always too late to see the stone in the air†(62). Roger shows cruelty to Henry and several other littluns. Jack also shows ruthlessness to other boys on the island. For example, Jack breaks Piggy’s glasses. As Piggy takes a step forward to talk to Jack, he smacks Piggy’s head. Piggy’s glasses fly off and shatter onto the rocks. This action makes one of his lenses break, which causes Piggy, blind in one eye. Jack does this out of pure evil in hopes of releasing his anger. At this part of the novel acts of evil increase in the boysâ€℠¢ actions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Using conflict, Golding again attempts to demonstrate mans capability to lose sight of what’s important. The boys destroy their own friendships for no reason at all. Maurice kicks sand in Percivals’ eyes in hopes of harming him in some sort of way. Maurice does this out of pure anger, choosing to release his anger on Percival, who did nothing to deserve this. Maurice at the time was acting on his feelings: â€Å"†¦laughing, and add[ing] to the destructionâ€Å"( ). Jack also demonstrates the same kind of evil that Maurice does. Jack reacts on his feelings by punching Piggy out of pure jealousy. Piggy, was given the gift of intelligence, a gift Jack wishes he had. Jack then uses his insecurity to destroy Piggy’s self-image in hopes of boosting his own. Piggy does nothing but try and help out the boys by using his knowledge and sense of humanity, but the boys can’t simply deal with the fact that there is much more to Piggy than his appearance, and they show only cruelty to him.

Examine the relevance of unitarism to contemporary

This essay looks to analyze the relevancy of unitarism to modern-day apprehensions of the employment relationship. This will foreground the implicit in premises associated with unitarism, sing the influence of both power and cognition within the employment relationship, and inquiry whether both factors play a portion within the unitarism position. Lastly it will reason by sketching the figure of elements associated with the employment relationship and whether the unitarism position bases an apprehension of the employment relationship between employer and employees. There are legion premises of the unitarism position within the workplace. Harmonizing to Huczynski and Buchanan ( 2001 ) the unitarism frame of mention is â€Å"a position on struggle which regards direction and employee involvements as coincident and which therefore respects ( organizational ) struggle as harmful and to be avoided† . Salamon ( 1992 ) believes the administration exists in good harmoniousness and all struggle is unneeded and exceeding. However there are deductions in following the unitarism attack, the term struggle is expressed as if there is dissatisfaction from the employees with differences in which direction is perceived when transporting out an unreasonable activity. Another deduction is trade brotherhoods are regarded as an invasion and are seeking to vie with direction to derive trueness from the employees, of which the unitarism perspective disfavors. The unitarism construct can be seen as an attack to command the employees, and the psychological contr act is an illustration of this, which stems from the unitarism position. Harmonizing to Gill ( 2007 ) Personal computer literature is frequently based on the unitarism position. Fox ( 1966 ) argues the unitarism position, is found among directors and is regarded as a ‘management political orientation ‘ . Therefore foregrounding the unitarism position as an of import theoretical tool to analyze employee attitudes and perceptual experiences of direction in an organizational context. Unitarism is another tool in which administrations use to command the working environment, which tends to disregard struggle as it does non believe it exists. The unitarism frame of mention affected the employment relationship in 19th century, nevertheless in today ‘s society this is seen as an political orientation as suggested by Fox ( 1966 ) . Harmonizing to Blyton and Turnbull ( 1998 ) the term industrial dealingss will necessitate to alter its focal point to 'employment dealingss ‘ , looking at how the employment relationship operates in pattern. There is an premise that one time there has been an understanding with the employment contract, the employment relationship should be free of struggle, and employees should accept and understand the authorization the administration has in the best involvements of all. However, this premise can be seen to be wrong as it assumes that one size fits all, where as surveies such as Purcell and Hutchinson ( 2007 ) show this non to be the case.From this position point I would reason that the focal point draws off from the administration as a whole and looks at persons, hence conveying in the paradigm of the psychological contract. The Personal computer believes that when the person ( employee ) enters into an understanding with the administration and director, and the person has agreed to this understanding there should be no struggle. This brings in an component of integrity within the administration as all are holding as persons to the administration. With this fond regard to the administr ation and its intents the ideal result from come ining into this understanding is commitment/engagement to the administration. The Personal computer construct is emphasised on managerialism, unitarism, neo-liberal and a societal exchange which is utilised by direction to pull off public presentation. The Personal computer communicates its outlooks and serves a political involvement to direction. Even though the Personal computer does non recognize struggle, it does recognize misdemeanor when it is breached ; which comes back to the component of control exerted by the employer. There are other signifiers of positions administrations adopt, one of the most normally used is the pluralist attack. Marchington and Parker ( 1990 ) argues that there are cardinal differences between the two positions ( unitarism and pluralism ) they are the ‘management ‘s credence and acknowledgment of brotherhoods ‘ , ‘their views about direction privileges ‘ and 'employee engagement ‘ , and in the ‘perceived legitimacy of and reactions to conflict at work ‘ . Therefore as unitarism position disfavors trade brotherhoods, the paradigm of occupation ordinance has more relevancy to the pluralist position as it accepts there is struggle and institutionalises it. The occupation ordinance paradigm allows for directors to hold power and processes ordinance to make order, which regulates power between the employer and employee. This paradigm has an component of objectiveness, as once more it is direction that exert power. However with trade brotherhoods assisting to commit struggle it hence allows corporate bargaining to take topographic point. Harmonizing to Kaufman ( 2008 ) the IR field has made a displacement towards a narrower paradigm of which consisted of trade brotherhoods, corporate bargaining and labour-management dealingss over the past few decennaries. There is an issue of equality which needs to be addressed in the employment relationship. The employment relationship is non equal as the employer is in the place of power, by utilizing the cognition of the work force and pull stringsing them by the usage of linguistic communication they use in the working environment to derive control. As suggested by Foucault, administrations change linguistic communication in order to rule the work force. However, Foucault ( 1980 ) besides believed that cognition is an built-in portion of power and can non be separated. â€Å"It is non possible for power to be exercised without cognition, it is impossible for cognition non to breed power† ( Foucault, 1980: p52 ) . I agree with Foucault ‘s statement in how power can non be enforced without cognition, as if it did there would be terrible effects to the administration and employees. As suggested by Townley ( 1993 ) â€Å"Power is the desire to cognize. Power is non negative ; on the con trary, it is creative† . From this statement it suggests that power is non a negative, but can be utilised to acquire the best out of cognition. Again this relates to the unitarism position as it exerts power, in order to command cognition within the workplace and in society in general. In decision the unitarism position contains premises that if it controls the working environment so there will be no struggle, nevertheless as discussed earlier this is non the instance. The employment relationship is non equal and the employer places themselves in power by utilizing linguistic communication to command the work force. As discussed power and cognition can non run as separate entities therefore they both play a portion within the unitarism position. The employment relationship is besides complex as it is the context within which interaction between employees and employers are conducted either separately or jointly ( Rose, 2004 ) .

Marketing Tools

Marketing tools and techniques are the various methods and promotional approaches companies use to help market and sell their products and services. Marketing tools includes SWOT analysis, PEST analysis, PORTERS 5 FORCES analysis, TOWS analysis, BCG analysis. Banking in India was typically mature in terms of supply, product and reach, even though reach in rural India and to the poor still remains a threats.The government took initiatives to address this through the State bank of India expanding its branch network and through the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development with things like microfinance. HDFC Bank Limited is an Indian financial Institution company based in Mumbai, Maharashtra that was commenced in August 1994. HDFC Bank ranked fifth largest bank in India by assets and the largest bank by market capitalization as of 1 November 2012. The bank build up the â€Å"Housing Development Finance Corporation†, a foremost housing finance of India. SWOT ANALYSIS AND PEST ANALYSIS were used to analyse the Banking Industry, HDFC Bank have selected for critical analysation .SWOT ANALYSISSWOT analysis is a structured method used to classify the Strength, Weakness, Opportunities, and Threats elobrated in a project or in business entreprise. A SWOT analysis can be carried out for a product, place, company, industry or person. It involves specifying the target of the business entreprise or project and identifying the internal and external factors that are favorable  and unfavorable to achieving that objective. Setting the target or goal should be done after the SWOT analysis has been made.This would be allow to achieve goals or objectives to be set for the organization. Strengths: It is the attributes of the business entreprise or project that give it an advantage over the others Weaknesses: It is the aspects that place the team at a disadvantage relative to the others Opportunities: It is the factors that the project could be exploit to its merits Threats: It is the factors in the environment that could cause trouble for the business entreprise or projectStrengths :1. HDFC bank ranked the second largest private banking sector in India which have 2,201 branches and 7,110 ATM’s 2.HDFC bank is situated in 1,174 cities in India and has over than 800 locations to serve customers through Telephone banking 3.The bank’s ATM card have got compatible with all domestic and international Visa/Master card, Visa Electron/ Maestro, Plus/cirus and American Express. This makes notable reason for HDFC cards to be the most preferred card for shopping and online transactions 4.HDFC bank has the highest degree of customer satisfaction level when comparing to the other private banks5.The Intrest rate in HDFC is low and it is one of the best places to work in private banking sector 6.HDFC has won lots of awards and recognition and it has received ‘Best Bank’ award from various financial rating institutions includes Dun a nd Bradstreet, Financial express, Euromoney awards for excellence, Finance Asia country awards etc 6.HDFC has good financial advisors in terms of guiding customers towards right investmentsWeakness :1.HDFC bank doesn’t have strong existence in Rural areas, where as bank like ICICI has its direct competitor is expanding in rural market 2.HDFC cannot enjoy first mover advantage in rural areas because Rural people are die hard loyals in terms of banking services. 3.HDFC Bank have got lack in aggressive marketing strategies like ICICI 4.The HDFC bank Mostly focuses on high end  clients5.Some of the HDFC bank’s product categories faces absence in performance and doesn’t reach in the market 6.The share prices of HDFC are often vary and wich causes uncertainty for the investorsOpportunities :1.HDFC bank have got better asset quality parameters over the government banks, therefore the profit growth is likely to stand high 2.The large companies and SME are growing at v ery fast pace. HDFC has enough reputation for maintaining corporate salary accounts 3.When compared to government banks, HDFC bank has improved in it’s bad debts portfolio and the recovery of bad debts were high 4.Opportunities for HDFC is high in abroad5.Due to strong financial position, the scope for acquisitions and strategic alliances is stand highThreats1.THE Non Performing Assets (NPA) of HDFc increased from 0.18 % to 0.20%. Since it is a slight variation it is a bad sign for the financial health of the bank 2.In India there is vast increase in non banking financial companies and new age banks 3.Since market share is not able to expand in HDFC so ICICI imposes major threat 4.The modernazation in government banks which trying to compete with private banks 5.Foreign Banks got 74 % of investment in Indian market which is opened upby RBIPEST ANALYSISPEST analysis (Political, Economic, Social and Technological analysis) determine a structure of macro-environmental factors us ed in the environmental scanning component of strategic management and It is a part of the external analysis when conducting a strategic analysis or doing market research, and gives a sketch of the different macro environmental  factors that the company has to take into consideration. It is a strtegic tool for understanding business position, potential and direction and market growth for operations. PEST analysis includes Political factorsEconomic factors Social factors Technological factorPolitical : Politics can increase HDFC bank’s risk factors, because governments can easily change business rules and regulations that negatively affect HDFC bank’s business. According to NDTV (2012), INDIAN government held HDFC responsible for money laundering from criminal activities by drug lords amounting to more than $2.6bn in assets. The HDFC bank is now required to strengthen their compliance and risk management infrastructure and culture which is likely cost it a lot of mone y.EconomicMany financial institutions are still feeling the effects of the 2008 financial crisis and the very real liquidity problem that led to the failure of others banks. Banks like HDFC have been saved by the fact they are universal with product offerings over many geographical locations. The HDFC chairman says is surviving and doing well because its underlying revenue growth is driven by Markets and Commercial Banking particularly in the faster-growing regions of Mumbai, Rest of India and where the economic outlook is more positive .SocialSocial issues like climate change and criminal money laundering are some of the social issues that HDFC is dealing with currently. In 2012.The Indian government held HDFC accountable for criminal money laundering amounting to $2.6bn and asked the company to contribute considerable time and resources to monitor millions of potential crime transactions. HDFC is also gearing towards supporting a move to a low carbon economy and as a result, it of fers climate financing, including environmental markets, insurances, debt and equity Investments.TechnologicalThe Bank have been made some substantial efforts and investments in gathering the best technology available internationally, to build up the infrastructure for a world-class bank. The scalable and web enabled systems were opened. The Bank gives prime importance in technology and the internet as one of its key objective and has already made significant progress in web-enabling its core businesses. The Bank has succeeded in advancement of market position, expertise and technology to create a competitive advantage and build market share in each of its businesses.CONCLUSIONI am of the view that for HDFC Bank most appropriate marketing tools is SWOT analysis. As SWOT analysis is concentrating on over marketing measures of the bank including strength , weakness , opportunities and threats .on the otherhand PEST analysis focuses on external factor such as political , economical, so cial, and technological factors which may or may not affect. Since the HDFC have got numerous opportunities as well.

Multiple Personality Disorder Essays - Psychiatry, Psychology

Multiple Personality Disorder Essays - Psychiatry, Psychology Multiple Personality Disorder The most famous dissociative disorder is Multiple Personality Disorder, also known as Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID). It is estimated that one in one hundred people may suffer from Multiple Personality Disorder and other Dissociative Disorders. With correct diagnosis and appropriate treatment, people have the potential for complete recovery. Multiple Personality Disorder is a condition in which a person has more than one identity, each of which speaks, acts and writes in a very different way. Each personality seems to have its own memories, wishes, and (often conflicting) impulses The symptoms of an individual with Multiple Personality Disorder are 1.) lack of appropriate emotional response 2.) memory loss, lost time, not knowing what they have said or done 3.) feeling dream like 5.) experiencing dissociation which might include dizziness, headaches, numbness in body, spontaneous trance states 6.) not remembering childhood or major life events 7.) recurrent depression 8.) anxiety, panic, and phobias 9.) self destructive thoughts and behavior 10.) substance abuse 11.) eating disorders 12.) sexual dysfunction, including addictions and avoidance 13.) flashbacks, intrusive thoughts and images of trauma 14.) low self esteem, and feeling damaged and/or worthless 15.) shame 16.) somatic pain syndromes 17.) sleep disturbances: nightmares, insomnia, and sleepwalking and 18.) alternative states of consciousness or personalities. Many people displaying MPD have experienced events they would like to forget or avoid. The causation of Multiple Personality Disorder is when an individual has suffered severe, horrific, traumatic, unavoidable, persistent physical or sexual abuse in childhood. Also many people displaying MPD appeared to be skilled at self- hypnosis through which their psyche comes forward as a coping mechanism, to protect them from the pain ( they create a self- induced hypnotic like trance) which allows the individual to escape psychologically. Most people suffering from Multiple Personality Disorder found that they could escape the trauma of abuse at least temporarily by creating new personalities to deal with the stress. ( Braun, B. (1988). The BASK model of dissociation. DISSOCIATION, 1, 4-23. American Psychiatric Association (1994) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. ( 4th ed) The separate personalities known as alters, are usually unknown to the host personality, which operates the body most of the time. Alters can take many forms, but few types are common. Some typical manifestations include a depressed or hurt child, an internal caretaker, a strong angry protector, and an envious protector who is angry with the host. Although these represent the most common alter personality types, the reported list of variations is fairly long and includes perpetrator alters, avenger alters, opposite sex alters, different race, and even non- human alters. Most of the writings dealing with DID (Dissociative Identity Disorder reports that individuals with the illness flow in and out of the various personalities as the environment changes, usually unaware of what is taking place. (Putnam, F.W. (1989). Diagnosis and treatment of multiple personality disorder. New York: Guilford Press. There are many theories which attempt to explain DID, but the central component in all of them appears to be that the disorde occurs as a protective reaction to severe childhood trauma. Essentially, the self appears to dissociate, or split into seperate and distinct personalities in an effort to repress the pain and terror of some tramatic event. The trauma is often sexual in nature. There is one such theory that implies that the blocked pain, terror, and awareness create compartments in the mind, which hold the unprocessed feelings. When these compartments leak says the theory, the person has flashbacks, panic attacks, and nightmares. Individuals stricken with DID may experience the onslaught of the disturbance suddenly or gradually, and the symptoms may become worse over a long period of time. Recent studies indicate that the age of onset is nearly always childhood, and that it is much more common among women then men; as much as three to nine times more. Those who warn that DID/MPD is alarmingly common mental illness and cite numerous studies and a long list of statistics in support of its legitimacy. For example: in a 1990 study which appeared in The Journal of Occupational Therapy, J.F. Higdon stated, The past two decades have seen a marked increase in the diagnosing of this disorder, and we are seeing a significant increase in the

Learn to Spell by Phonograms, not Letters

Learn to Spell by Phonograms, not Letters Learn to Spell by Phonograms, not Letters Learn to Spell by Phonograms, not Letters By Maeve Maddox In the 1970s, educational research indicated that less than one per cent of the population suffered what has come to be called dyslexia (a disturbance of the ability to read). Now the estimate is from 5 to 15 per cent. As early as 1955 Rudolf Flesch pointed out the disconnect between modern teaching methods and the ability to read (or spell) in Why Johnny Cant Read and What You Can Do About It. After half a century, Fleschs book remains a thorn in the side of the advocates of the sight method of teaching children to read. Parents of young children would do well to read it. I once tutored a child who looked at the word April and read it as May. He knew that the word represented the name of a month because hed been taught the names of the months in context. He apparently did not know how to decipher it by its spelling. Adult readers recognize words by sight. Experienced readers can recognize words if only some of the letters are showing. They can recognize them if the words are upside down. This ability comes from having seen the words hundreds or thousands of times. Beginning readers, however, need systematic instruction in approaching words from left to right, phonogram by phonogram. To develop confidence and fluency in readingand the ability to spellthey need to begin with words like hat, cot, and bin before encountering words like know, they, or eight. (The latter three words are on the Dolch List taught to beginning readers with the use of flashcards.) NOTE: The use of flashcards to develop instant word recognition is a useful techniquebut only after the beginning reader has been taught the phonetic elements of the word being drilled. Its counterproductive to expose a beginner who knows only the 26 letters of the alphabet to words spelled with sounds represented by letter combinations like th, kn, ay, igh, and eigh. Relatively few of the common words on the Dolch List defy the effort to sound them out by their phonograms. Those few, like once and warm, are easily taught as exceptions. The most efficient way to learn to spell a word is to approach it phonogram by phonogram, and not letter by letter. A phonogram is a written symbol that stands for a sound. The word pal, for example, contains three letters, each of which is also a phonogram: /p-a-l/. The word church , on the other hand, contains six letters, but only three phonograms: /ch-ur-ch/. Here are some phonograms to look for when analyzing a words spelling: Consonant phonograms: b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, t, v, w, x, y, z, sh, th, ch, ng, ck, wh, kn, gn, wr, ph, dge, gh, ti, si, ci, pn, rh, and qu. Vowel (and semi-vowel) phonograms: a, e, i, o, u, y, ee, ay, ai, ow, ou, oy, oi, aw, au, ew, ui, oo, ea, ar, er, ir, ur, or, ed, or, oa, ey, ei, ie, igh, eigh, oe, ough, and eu. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:The Meaning of "To a T"Time Words: Era, Epoch, and EonAppropriate vs. Apropos vs. Apt

The Role of New Media in Shaping the Image of Cultural Diversity in Essay

The Role of New Media in Shaping the Image of Cultural Diversity in Britain of the 21st Century - Essay Example Culture diversity also describes a variety of dissimilar communities or individuals with divergent origins, faiths and customs all co-existing and intermingling with each other. The assorted societies around the globe are distinct from each other. Their cultural disparities are clear from the way they dress, talk and relate among others. There are also considerable disparities in the way communities structure themselves, in their mutual presumption of morality and in the manner they interact with their surroundings. The conception of cultural variety is grounded on the notion that cultural personalities should not be discarded, but rather sustained and valued. The basis of this notion is that every culture and ethnic group has distinct characteristics (Amin, p. 20, 2002). Cultural diversity also comprises of having an open mind that recognizes, allows, values and even celebrates the varied ways in which individuals live and interrelate in the globe. Appreciation of this cultural vari ety makes a person understand that despite all these variations, as human beings, we look for similar things. These crucial things encompass well-being, respect, acceptance, autonomy, and equity. Features of diversity include age, cognitive structure, customs, economic background, instruction, ethnicity, gender personality, geographic milieu, language, pious beliefs and political inclination among others. However, some critics assert that this phrase is frequently misused to describe the diversity of human communities or cultures in a certain locale or the globe. This trend is referred to as multiculturalism as opposed to ethnic variety. The ethnically destructive action of globalization has had an unconstructive impact on the world’s ethnic variety (Alibhai-Brown, p. 89, 2000). Cultural Variety in Britain The two world battles of the previous epochs, the resultant disintegration of empires and the advancement of transit technology considerably changed a lot of things in Euro pe. Since this era, massive immigration started into both Europe and the UK. This rate has, however, reached extraordinary levels in the previous decades. In 2005, the population of Britain was anticipated to reach seventy million with the seventy percent increase attributable to enormous immigration. Britain was formerly an extremely homogenous community. However, since WWII, Britain has become considerably varied as it has hosted massive immigrant populations. The mixtures of cultural associations complicate the procedure of describing Britain as appearing of behaving in a certain manner. Britain has gained from this cultural diversity all through its long history and most presently it is amongst the most ethnically diverse nations in the universe. The UK has a long account of racial and cultural variety. Current decades have seen significant immigration of dissimilar racial associations into the UK from around the globe. This has generated a community extremely diverse in the 21s t epoch. This is with conceptions such as super diversity which have surfaced in an attempt to express the diversification of variety. The massive immigrations have pushed the coalition administration to establish stringent immigration controls. However, overseeing cultural variety is a complex and tricky challenge. Administrative regulations directed at fostering cultural variety over the previous year have failed to foster social assimilation and cohesion as envisioned. The administration’

Geography of water and energy resources Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Geography of water and energy resources - Essay Example In effect, Kuwait has a per capita income of approximately $60,541, which is higher than the per capita income in all G7 countries. Qatar has a per capita income that is over $93,000 because it has a low population and a very high GDP (Central Intelligence Agency, n.d.). In a summary, the Middle East OPEC members with low per capita income are the nations with a large population of Iran and Iraq. Despite the fact the G7 countries register high GDP that are above the $1 trillion mark, the Middle East OPEC members rival them on the distribution of wealth due to their small population and large revenue from oil. In most cases, Middle East OPEC members are viewed a struggling nations with no power to rival to the G7 countries. The reality is that citizens of small countries like Kuwait, Qatar, and UAE enjoy higher per capita income more than most G7 members. The only OPEC member that is considered poor is Iraq. It has per capita income that is lower than ten thousand dollars, which is the most inferior in all Middle East OPEC

Management Information and Communication System Essay

Management Information and Communication System - Essay Example Because of this capability, the buying and selling of goods and services are expedited and streamlined. Producers and consumers could now directly transact with each other, making it possible to eliminate middlemen, in the process. This is called e-commerce or e-business and it could take the form of several models. The businesses that operates an internet business model primarily to establish and maintain relationships with other businesses is called B2B business model. Here, the emphasis is for the Internet to facilitate transactions between business organisations. For instance, there is the case of Dell, who manufacture computers according to specifications provided other business organisations. Through the Internet, sales transactions between the company and its corporate clients take place, beginning with the placement of order details, the manufacture according to the specifications and the delivery of goods. Pride, Hughes and Kapoor (2011, p.484) explained that in this B2B pro cess, Dell reduces storage and carrying costs and avoids unsold inventory while consumers who directly transact with them eliminate costs associated with wholesalers and retailers. This latter aspect in the model receives more emphasis on the other business model called B2C or business to consumer model. Business organisations such as Amazon.com and Landsend.com are examples of companies using the B2C model. They primarily cater to individual consumers. In addition to product and service offering provided 24 hours every day and 7 days a week, B2C firms often attempt to build long-term relationships with their consumers (Pride, Hughes and Kapoor, p. 484). This is the reason why a core element in the online strategies of these organisations is customer services and extensive analysis of consumer data. The above models demonstrate how the Internet can provide innovations. The transactions that transpire over the web are electronically documented, which makes it easily organized and acc essed for consumer analysis, market research among other initiatives to determine consumer behavior and needs. These data inform business organisations to create new and effective products that can be successfully marketed and sold to the market. The information gathered over the web could help address emergent consumers needs and requirements as well as solve problems and challenges. For example, back in 1990s, Wal-Mart introduced its Retail Link system, an integrated and store-shelf data made more powerful by the Internet in automatically triggering manufacturing orders to its suppliers when stocks were low (Wailgum, 2007, p.50). Since then, Wal-Mart was able to introduce pioneering systems in supply-chain management such as the evolution of its revolutionary point of sale system and the communication of information therein. The above variables are just some of the many instances wherein Internet contributes to the competitive advantage of a business organisation. The fact is that this technological breakthrough is a fundamental component in the manner by which it can create consumer value. Because of this platform, the organisation can respond immediately to problems and challenges in the trading process. In addition, the Internet is an

Legal Requirements for Working With Children

Legal Requirements for Working With Children Identify the current legal requirements covering those working with children. Kindegartens, childminders, preschools, schools must be guided after Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) which is required by OFSTED. The EYFS requirements includes: the seven areas of learning and development; the early learning goals which must be achieved by the end of Reception school; the assessment requirements for assessing young children to ascertain their achievements and how and when practitioners have to discuss childrens progress with their parents. In the EYFS there are outcomes for each Area of Learning (ELG) which children have to achieve according to their age. Ill write few goals for each area: 1. Personal, Social and Emotional Development – children must be support and encourage to develop a positive sense of themselves and of others, to understand their feelings, to have confidence in their own abilities. Early Learning goals are: to be confident and enjoying playing in group; to form a good relationship with teachers and children; to work as a part of a class: take turns, sharing, nice behaviuor to be interested and motivate to learn. 2. Communication and Language – involves giving children opportunities to express themselves, to listen and speak in different situations. Early Learning goals are: interact with others, taking turns in conversation; use talk to express their feelings; listen and repeat words, phrases. 3. Literacy this goal aims to provide children with a large range of poems books and other reading materials and we have to encourage them to look in the books, to read and to write. The Early goals are: to hold book in right way and to turn pages; to explore sounds, words and phrases; to retell what they have read; to link sounds to letters of the alphabet. 4. Mathematics – children must be provided with opportunities to develop and improve their skills in describing shapes, spaces, measures, counting, using numbers, to understand the concept between â€Å"big† and â€Å"small† , â€Å"short† , â€Å"long† , â€Å"heavy† , â€Å"light† to notice shapes and patterns in pictures to represent numbers using fingers, sticks or other objects; to show an interest in representing numbers, shapes. 5. Understanding the World – this area involves to guide children to understand the world and community they live in through opportunities to explore, observe the environment, places, people, technology. The Early Learnings gols are: to ask questions about why things happen and how to work; to notice detailed features of objects in their environment; to match parts of objects that fit together; to understand and to know how things are used in different ways. 6. Expressive arts and design – involves providing children with a wide rage of media and materials to explore and play with it, as well to share their ideas, thoughts and feelings through a variety of art, dance, music movement, design and technology. For this area few goals are: to sing songs, to make music and dance and then to experiment with ways of changing them; being imaginative using what they have learned about media and materials in original ways; to express their feelings, thoughts through music, paint, craft. 7. Physical development – involves helping and encouraging children to be active and interactive and to improve their skills of coordination, manipulation and movement. As well we have to encourage children for healthy food choice. Childrens goals must be: move with control and safety in large or small movements; handle tools, objects, build towers from blocks; walk around, under, over, climbing equipment; children have to manage their own basic hygiene and personal needs such as: dressing/undressing, washing hands/face, going to the toilet independently. Understand the need for valuing individuality and how this can be supported in the child care setting. Usually in the setting there are children from different cultural backgrounds and all settings requires Children act 1989 which take account of childrens religion, cultural background, racial origin and linguistic background. All children have the right to a cultural identity and settings should recognise, respect and value the cultural identity of that child. Children learn quickly though playing, images, stories, songs that why practitioners should promote in the setting with positive images of all people, reflecting the wider society. Also, we have to ensure that people are shown in a positive light. For children, to understand diversity of society, one of the activity is to collect baby dolls from different ethnicities or to add to the doll house a ramp or a dollwith a wheelchair or crutches. Another way to support children to understand diversity is to ensure the dressing corner with clothes from different ethnicities. As well we can use images that can encourage positive discussion and perception of the world. Im working in Jewish setting and we have a topic â€Å"Festivals of light† which we discuss about different celebrations around the world and we have different activities according to these festivals. Below I will write a weekly planning for this topic for three areas of development. Personal, social, emotional development Physical development Expressive and design Monday Introducing the topic, circle time, talking about different celebrations around the world (Christmas, Chanukah, Diwali) Climbing steps to decorate the classroom with decorations. To make globes=liquid glue+glitter Tuesday Talking about different people celebrating different festivals. Who is celebrating from our class Chanukah, Christmas? Holding hands each other and dancing in the circle. Painting big candles= candle shape+yellow paint Wednesday How do we celebrate this festival in our own family? Dressing up and undressing with festivals clothes. Making Christmas tree=print circles on tree shape Thursday Talking about giving presents to our friends, be nice, kind with each other. Wrap presents with colourful paper. Decorating gift boxes with stickers Friday We make a summary of the topic. Party! Moving whole body: stamp feet, claps hands, twist, turn around, jump. fireworks=on black paper=paint=cotton sticks But respecting and valuing individuality is not just respecting childrens culture, also including children with special needs. All children have a right to a high quality childcare provision that meets their individual needs. And as a practitioner, we have to identify and remove the environmental barriers, for example: in consultation with childs parents, practitioners need to find out what lightings is good for a child with visual impairment. Or if a child uses crutches to move, the furniture in the setting should be altered to a better position to be more space and to put fewer activities in the same time but to be changed more frequently. Or if a child, or even a parent who uses wheelchair cannot get in the setting, a ramp need be built from concrete. 3.3 Identify the benefits of consistency with regard to positive and negative behaviour. Disciplining children take dedications and effort. Childrens character and their behaviour are forming from a very early age and consistency is the key to managing positive and negative behaviour. If we are offering positive consequences for good behaviours will encourager them to continue to have that behavior. But if we will provide negative consequences for misbehaviours will discourage the child to do that again. Also, consequences work best when applied immediately. Children understand better when they receive immediate feedback for their negative or positive behaviors. There are few points to encourage childrens good behavior: To be a good role model children usually copies adults actions; to show and say how we feel- we have to tell honestly how his behaviour affect us; to listen and communicate with children to understand their needs, to explain to them our expectations; to make the child feeling important- to ask him for help (â€Å"Please, can you help me to tidy up the toys†) and then to praise him. Another strategies to promote a positive behaviour are: Rewards systems-works well for young children, to help them manage their behaviors. We can use sticker charts which it should be displayed prominently in the classroom. For older children, sticker chart can work in another way: for example, if they earned three stickers they can have their favorite activity. Praise-is effective strategy which increase positive behaviors. Children love to get attention from adults and is good to let them know that we noticed how they are playing independently, waiting patiently, getting along with others or other positive behaviors. Positive reinforcement is a technique of behavior modification that is used to encourage good behavior. Positive reinforcement doesnt need to be a clear item, can be: giving a hug; using praises; giving a high five; or telling to another adult while the child is listening how proud you are of childs behavior. One of the best ways to provide a positive behavior is to allow children to help build the consequences if the rules are broken. Children are adept at pushing boundaries and its teacher responsibility to set the boundaries and to say â€Å"no† when children exhibit negative behaviors. Its very important to explain with a normal tone of voice to a child why they shouldnt repeat the behavior and teaching them how to behave. If they are pushing too much the boundaries, as adult, we have to apply immediately a negative consequence to deter them from repeating mishbehaviour. As I said, consistency is a key of addressing negative behaviour. As long we remind to the child of the consequences all the time they behave negatively, they soon will learn what is acceptable and what is not? Time-out is a good strategy for childrens disciplines and should be used as a consequence and not a punishment. The time out is effective because removes the child from all reinforcements that may encourage mishbehaviors and we need to have a specific place for time-out free of distractions and can provide to child with opportunity to calm down and to think at his behavior. We can use a timer and usually oneminute per oneyear of age. 3.4 Discuss ways in which conflict can be managed between children, and children and adults. Many children have difficulty with sharing, taking turns or finding appropriate ways to get their unmet needs. In this situation, teachers issue is how to manage a childs behaviour and to resolve a conflict. Is important in the nursery to be set few rules for childrens mishbehaviors and to ensure that are clear. Is good to involve children in making the rules and we have to explain why the rules are important. Usually children in nurseries have misbehavior such as bite or kick other children because of frustration or curiosity, but it can be it can be painful for children and adults involved. In this situation we have to: hug the child who was hurt and to give the minimal attention to the child who the aggressor; explain in simple words/sentences that biting/kicking is not good; and reminds to the child that he has to use words to ask for what he wants, rather than using aggression. There are few simple steps that adults can use immediately to assist children and learning them how to resolve a conflict: Help children to calm down- children when are faced with conflict, they can be full of emotions and not ready to cooperate with adult that why adult first need to speak with child using a calm voice; Discuss wants and needs- all children who are implicated in a conflict need to have a chance to say what they want or what they need. We have to listen the child and to approve nodding, to say short phrases or repeating what he said: â€Å"You really wanted that toy, but Jack had it in his hands?† Define the problem- after the child had a chance to say what he wants or what he needs, you will have to make this â€Å"want† or â€Å"need† into one neutral statement saying: â€Å"Hmmm, I see that both off you want to play with the same toy† Help the child to find a solution- in many cases it can be more ease just to tell children what they should do, but its not an opportunity to learn them how to solve their own problems. Children can learn this skill just from trial and error. That why we have to support and encourage children to find solutions to solve a conflict and both parties should be involved coming with solutions. Take a look at the solution- not all solutions that children suggest can work, and if a problem will continue adult need to begin the process over. Adult need to stay nearby to support the solution and praise the children when problem was solved: â€Å"Well done children, I see you found a way to take turns with the toy†. Reference list: Department for Education. (2012). The Learning And Development Requirements. Statutory Framework for the Early Years Foundation Stage. 1 (2), 3-10. Department of education. (2012). Statutory Framework for the Early Years Foundation Stage. The learning and development requirements. 1 (1), 6-31. Innis, G. (2013). Young children can learn how to resolve conflicts with adult guidance and support. Available: http://msue.anr.msu.edu/news/young_children_can_learn_how_to_resolve_conflicts_with_adult_guidance_and_s. Last accessed 30.10.2014. Morin, A (2014). Discipline Kids with Positive and Negative Consequences. Available: http://discipline.about.com/od/disciplinebasics/a/Discipline-Kids-With-Positive-And-Negative-Consequences.htm. Last accessed 29.10.2014. Raising Children Network. (2006). Encouraging good behaviour. Available: http://raisingchildren.net.au/articles/encouraging_good_behaviour.html. Last accessed 29.10.2014. Road, A. (2004). OBSERVING CHILD BEHAVIOUR. Available: http://www.newchildcare.co.uk/page6.html. Last accessed 01.11.2014. Smith,M. (2010). Valuing and respecting individuality. Develop positive relationships with children, young people and others involved in their care. 3.5 (3), 154-157. Thornes, N.. (2012). Basic Behaviour Theory and Techniques. Analysing the Antecedents and Consequences of a Behaviour. 5 (1), 50-64. Walker, M(2011). Childrenyoung peoples workforce. 3rd ed. Cheltenham: Nelson Thornes Ltd.. 52-63. Legal Requirements for Working with Children Legal Requirements for Working with Children To summarise the current legal requirements for those working with children. This should include reference to the 6 learning goals and how they could be implemented in a child care setting. History The Childcare Act 2006 became a law on 11 July 2006, and it is the first ever legislation exclusively concerned with early years and childcare, ‘according to‘: [1] â€Å"Northamptonshire.gov.ukâ€Å". This Act is concerned with providing positive outcomes for a child at risk of poverty, focusing on child matters like (safety, health, economic wellbeing, enjoying and achieving a positive contribution) and is also concerned with bringing the inequalities that may exist between children. The Act introduces the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) for terms regarding children aged up to 5 years and this is a frame work that aims to support child care providers in delivering integrated early education and care for children. Every child deserves the best possible start in life and the support that enables them to fulfil their potential. Children develop quickly in the early years and a child’s experiences between birth and age five have a major impact on their future life chances. Good parenting and high quality early learning together provide the foundation children need to make the most of their abilities and talents as they grow up. The Childcare Act 2006 provides for the early years foundation stage learning and development. THE EARLY LEARNING GOAL This is knowledge, skills and understand which young children should have acquired by end of the academic year until they reach the age of 5. The areas covered under the learning goals are set below: [2] www.gov.uk/government. Personal, social and emotional development Self-confidence and self-awareness: Children are confident to try new activities, and say why they like some activities more than others. They can speak among regular friends in a group, and share their ideas, and will choose the means they need for their chosen activities. They say when they do or don’t need help. Managing feelings and behaviour: Children can talk about how they and others show feelings, talk about their own and others’ behaviour, and its consequences, and know that some behaviour is unacceptable. For instance, ‘washing hands before eating.’ Making relationships: Children play co-operatively, taking turns with others. They take account of one another’s ideas about how to organise their activity. They show sensitivity to others’ needs and feelings, and form positive relationships with adults and other children. Understanding the world People and communities: Get children to talk about past and present events in their own lives and in the lives of family members. This method can open children’s mind about different culture maybe and so forth. The world: Children know about similarities and differences in relation to places, objects, materials and living things. They talk about the features of their own immediate environment and how environments might vary from one another. They make observations of animals and plants and explain why some things occur, and talk about changes. Technology: To make children aware of different technology is offered in different places and depending on situations is needed such as laptops at home and in schools they have computers for instance. This is good to keep children mind entertained with information on technologies. Physical development Moving and handling: Keep in track of children’s body control and co-ordination in large and small movements. They move confidently in a range of ways, safely negotiating space. They handle equipment and tools effectively, including pencils for writing or colouring and so forth. Literacy Reading: Can children read and understand simple sentences? The phonic system is used to decode regular words and read them aloud accurately. With practice children can pick up words and say them easily next time. This can demonstrate understanding when talking with others about what they have read. Writing: Children use their phonic knowledge to write words in ways which match their spoken sounds. They also write some irregular common words. They write simple  sentences which can be read by themselves and others. Some words are spelt correctly  and others are phonetically plausible. Mathematics Numbers: Children count reliably with numbers from 1 to 20. Anything after 20 will be difficult for young children so with practice this can be done. Shape, space and measures: Children use everyday language to talk about size,  weight, capacity, position, distance, time and money to compare quantities and objects  and to solve problems. They recognise, create and describe patterns. They explore  characteristics of everyday objects and shapes and use mathematical language to  describe them. Expressive arts and design Exploring and using media and materials: Children like to look at their song on TV and listen to the song and sing it at the same time. They can also safely use and explore a variety of materials, tools and techniques, experimenting with colour, design, texture,  form and function. Being imaginative: Children use what they have learnt about media and materials in  original ways, thinking about uses and purposes. For example, they can sing back to their friends the song they have learned by watching it in the TV. Explain what is meant by respecting and valuing individuality, and devise plan of how this can be implemented in the child care setting, a table format may be used in this task. Each member of staff within a childcare setting has a responsibility for the children in their care for the children’s well-being, learning and development. Each child therefore is valued and respected by all staff showing that they respect each child as a individual, realising each child has different strengths and weaknesses. By valuing and respecting children, positive relationships can be build up between staff, parents and children, this shows good practise by the setting, and if the setting has a proportion of children from different culture background, there could be a set day each month where a world day celebrates a particular child’s culture. This includes food, religion, cloths, songs etc†¦ and involves the rest of children by knowing and researching about different cultures. ACTION HOW BY WHOM ACHIEVED BY COMPLETED ALL STAFF TO EXPLAIN IN SETTING THE DIFFERENT CULTURES. The child care setting should be filled with images that encourage positive discussions and perceptions of the world offering different cultures and positive role models. Every child contributes to their culture. Get parents also involved in this task to see and observe how their children value others and respect them. Set the date completed of this task. REALIZE THE STRENGHTS AND WEAKNESSES OF CHILDREN. Providing good routines when children are interacting in a formal environment such as sitting down in a one place and have lunch together using the right cutlery and table manners, talking politely to each other and instilling good hygiene habits like washing hands or plates. This action can be observed from the staff and parents. Children achieve this themselves. Set the date completed of this task. Evaluate the benefits of consistency with regards to positive and negative behaviour and identify strategies that can be used to encourage positive behaviour in the child care setting. Making Consistency More Effective in negative/positive behaviour. If parents shows consistency in disciplining the child then this is a good thing, For example, if a younger child is hit by an older child and no consistency in punishment is being taken against the older child then he she will repeat it but if rigorous punishment is taken all the time then the child thinks twice on repeating their negative behaviour and the same can be said about positive behaviour. For example, If kids have to wait two weeks to earn a reward, it may not reinforce good behaviours today. Offering an immediate positive consequence will increase the chances the child will repeat that behaviour. Strategy (1) QUIET TIME. Quiet time, is a perfect time for children to just sit quietly and calm down and it helps staff to simply get on with work with minimum disruption. A child can be taken to quiet time without the whole class knowing and it is most effective when staff simply, quietly and calmly walk up to a child and ask them to come to quiet time. Quiet time is not about making a child feel bad but an opportunity for a child to be taken out of a disruptive situation and as a consequence for unwanted behaviour. This way staff are far more likely to end unwanted behaviour rather than temporarily distract a child from it. [3] Strategy (2) INTERACTION Read books with children, or play games with them. This is a great way to interact with them. Strategy (3) ROLEPLAY Role play examples of appropriate behaviours to teach children how to succeed in social interactions. Give children scenarios such as â€Å"What if you want a toy that someone else is using?† Discuss possibilities and help children try out their ideas. For example: â€Å"Can I use that puzzle when you’re done?† or â€Å"can I borrow your book when you are finished?† Strategy (4) WATCH CLOSELY Give great yet positive re-marks when a child does good like, ‘I’ve noticed you said hello to your friend’. ‘Well done for this so I will give you a sticker of achievement for this.’ Strategy (5) BEING SPECIFIC Be specific with feedback when giving attention, so children understand what behaviour is appropriate. Try: â€Å"The two of you were so helpful working together to bring chairs to the table.† instead of â€Å"Good job.† Describe the process involved in managing conflict between children and adults. You should at least refer to at least one behavioural theorist in you answer. What is conflict? Killen and Nucci define conflict as two children independently pursuing personal goals that happen to bring them into conflict (Arsenio Cooperman, 1996). [4] Conflict is a common occurrence for children. Many have asked â€Å"Is conflict healthy or unhealthy?† When looking at discipline, should conflict be seen as misbehaviour or a learning experience? Piaget believed that conflict in children was healthy, and if worked through, would help children to overcome their egocentric thought patterns (Arsenio Cooperman, 1996). Many young children have difficulty sharing, waiting their turn, or finding appropriate ways to get their needs fulfilled. Conflicts between children can be a daily occurrence with preschoolers and Michigan State University Extension states that â€Å"guiding children’s behaviour is an ongoing process.†[5] There are some worthy steps that adults can begin using immediately to assist children in learning how to resolve conflict. The steps take practice by the children who are learning them and patience by the adult who is modelling and teaching the steps. Help children calm down. Often when children are faced with conflict they are full of emotion and are not ready to begin a process of calmness. Approaching the child gently at his/hers eye level and use soft touch. Acknowledge that there is an issue and suggest some ways to calm down. â€Å"I see that you have a problem. It looks like you might need to take a few deep breaths to relax a little.† Stay neutral! When adults attempt to find blame in a conflict the situation can easily escalate strong emotions. Children at this point need to feel they are being heard in order to calm down. Talk about wants and needs. All children who are involved in a conflict need to have an opportunity to express what it is that they want or need. Stay focused on the ‘want’ and don’t focus on what happened. Reflect what the child is feeling by acknowledging his feelings with a head nod, short phrases, or repeating what he is saying in a clear manner. â€Å"You really wanted that toy and Joey had it in his hand.† Give the child’s feeling a name. â€Å"It is frustrating to want something that someone else has.† Define the problem. After getting the child to voice his want or need you will have to turn the issue into one neutral statement. Repeat what the children involved in the conflict are saying in a clear statement. â€Å"Hmmm, I see that two children want to play with the same toy.† WORD COUNT: 2027 REFERENCES: [1] Northamptonshire.gov.uk. [2]https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/335504/EYFS_framework_from_1_September_2014__with_clarification_note.PDF. [3]http://www.parenta.com/2010/10/22/quiet-time-positive-promote-good-behaviour/. [4]http://www.kon.org/urc/dennis.html. [5]http://msue.anr.msu.edu/news/young_children_can_learn_how_to_resolve_conflicts_with_adult_guidance_and_s.

Insensitive Portrayal of Society and Cultuer in Disney Films Essay

The Not So Wonderful World of Disney The â€Å"Wonderful World of Disney† has been a part of America for as long as I can remember. With its movies, television shows, songs, theme parks, toys, and fictional characters, Disney is the epitome of children’s entertainment. Disney serves as one of the largest sources of entertainment to Americans, which is why it reigns as a commercial success and influence in our country. According to Henry Giroux, a popular critic of the Walt Disney Company, Disney’s immense success also represents â€Å"the power of the culture industries to mediate and influence almost every aspect of our lives† (19). However, does Disney stand for pure and innocent entertainment, or does it carry alternative motives that seem to be well-hidden from the public eye? Many critics argue that Disney productions have the ability to affect American children and families through their insensitive portrayal of certain aspects of society and culture. Critics mark the idea of negative social influences as one of Disney’s most ubiquitous problems. In a study done on the role of the Walt Disney Company, Vincent Faherty explains that Disney displays certain aspects of â€Å"social vulnerability which need to be raised to a level of public consciousness, given they do affect so many children and families â€Å"(17). For example, Disney emphasizes social vulnerability through the overwhelming male dominance displayed in their animated films. Faherty argues that even though there have been recent movies such as Mulan and Pocahontas, which portray strong female roles, â€Å"the quantitative disproportion of male characters in Disney animated films needs to be addressed if we expect children to be able to relate to appropriate role mo... ...Lives: Disney’s Cultivation, Co-Creation, and Control of America’s Cultural Objects.† Popular Communication. 12 Oct. 2004: 191-211. Byrne, Eleanor, and Martin McQuillan. Deconstructing Disney. London: Pluto Press, 1999. Faherty, Vincent E. â€Å"Is the Mouse Sensitive? A Study of Race, Gender, and Social Vulnerability in Disney Animated Films.† Similie: Studies in Media Information Literacy Education (2001): Academic Search Premier: MLA International Bibliography. EBSCOhost. U. Of Georgia Lib. GALILEO. 29 Oct. 2006 Giroux, Henry. The Mouse That Roared: Disney and the End of Innocence. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 1999. 17-55. Pettit, Robert. Mickey Mouse Monopoly: Disney, Childhood, and Corporate Power: Study Guide. 28 Oct. 2006. tudyguide/html 4

Fast-Food Gone Bad Essay

An argument is an implicit dialogue that has importance to appeals. This is done by using different elements of an argument, in which the different parts are the claim (or thesis), the support, the evidence, the warrant, the appeals to the audience, and the counter argument that is being used in the scenario. In this essay that Michele Simon has wrote she examines the unhealthy choices of the some restaurants and explains on how they’re misleading the healthy people in the World. In Michele Simon’s â€Å"Even the ‘Healthy’ Choices at Fast Food Restaurants Are Unhealthy†, uses all of the parts and the elements of an argument in her essay. The first statement that Simon makes is â€Å"In response to sharpening criticism from nutrition advocates, fast-food franchises have added supposedly ‘healthy’ options to their menus† (Simon 473). This would be Simon’s claim, which would be the thesis statement of her argument. This is what the author or the person who wrote the situation is trying to tell you what they’re trying to answer or trying to prove in their argument. Arguments typically have three types of claims; claim of fact, claim of value, and claim of policy. In Simon’s argument her thesis is a claim of policy because she is trying to make a solution to figure out there problem and make it better so there can be something done about this or try to make better. We know there are many problems with fast food and Simon proves her argument by going on and saying different reasons for why this is true in her essay. The warrant is a belief or principle that can be assumed based on the argument. The warrant is never stated in great detail, and it must be drawn from statements made by the arguer. While it is not said by Simon her warrant is still clear and well understood. In Simon’s argument as implies that fast-food restaurants are not committed to the well being of their patrons (Simon). Also it is said that Simon thinks that fast-food restaurants are misleading to consumers who are trying to eat healthy. This also warrants that menu items are misleading and sometimes confusing for the consumer that is buying the product. The consumer could think that they were getting something healthier then a cheeseburger, but in all truth it’s actually worse than that cheeseburger. She must appeal to her audience in order to win the argument, by saying that a majority of fast-food restaurants are not telling the truth about their menu items and that there not healthy. The evidence is used to give strength to the argument and to prove the support for the claim. Many forms of evidence are found in examples, statistics, and expert is brought in to give valuable feedback on the argument. Simon provides many forms of evidence to back up her claim that she has possessed. In her first form of evidence she implies â€Å"The new Happy Meal option, which includes a sugar-loaded caramel dipping sauce† (Simon 473). She is implying that this idea is not much better then French fries because the caramel dipping sauce is full of sugar. Simon’s next problem was that she mentions â€Å"instead of a coke, kids can now have apple juice or milk† (Simon 475). This evidence Simon is trying to say that the apple juice and milk is still full of sugars and it’s still not good for your children. The next support of evidence for her claim is that she implies that â€Å"calling the chicken ‘crispy’ instead of fried is misleading† (Simon 474). She mentions that because if a person hears this that would automatically think that this is healthy salad. She is implying that is should just be called fried because so many people could get this confused. The logos support and evidence has support from multiple studies with facts and stats, given as evidence. Ethos supports from appeals to individuals in dealing with menu items and the choices on it. Pathos is used throughout her essay by giving thought to how unhealthy fast-food is. She mentions that â€Å"For a toddler who needs 1,000 calories per day, a Happy Meal consisting of four Chicken McNuggets, small French fries, and a low-fat chocolate milk totals 580 calories, or more than half of a child’s daily recommended calorie intake† (Simon 475). Simon is saying that no matter what you’re getting at a fast-food restaurant it’s going to be unhealthy for you, and your children. The counter argument Simon takes into consideration the argument opposing her claim, Simon doesn’t spend much time about a counter argument, but it is addressed in her essay. Simon grants â€Å"Go Active! Adult Happy Meal† (Simon 476). Which fell through and done away with because it didn’t work. Simon points out â€Å"In 2004 Ruby Tuesday reduced some portion sizes and added healthier items† (Simon 476). Another thing that Simon points out that was that â€Å"Wendy’s garnered great press in February 2005 for its ‘bold’ decision to add fresh fruit to its menu† (Simon 476). Simon has all of these examples for the counter argument that the fast-food industry is getting somewhat better. In conclusion there are many parts of an argument, and Simon uses all of these parts to successfully get her argument across effectively. She makes her claim, and then backs it up with the right support and to make his claim even stronger. Then she successfully gets the warrant across which has great appeal to the audience and is needed to make the claim that much stronger. Then finally Simon uses her counter argument to address to her audience what has been happening in the years past to try and fix the problem. Works Cited Simon, Michele. â€Å"Even the ‘Healthy’ Choices at Fast-Food Restaurants Are Unhealthy. â€Å". 473-75. Print. Excerpt from The Purposeful Argument: A Practical Guide. Boston: Patricia Bostian, 2006. N. pag.